Complexity of vitamin E metabolism

Table 1 Overview on metabolites of vitamin E

Metabolite	Methods	Matrix
13’-Hydroxychromanol	GC-MS[139,140]	Human and rat liver microsomes[139,140]
(13’-OH)		Cell culture medium of A549 cells[139]
		HepG2 cells[140,143]
13‘-Carboxychromanol	LC-ESI-MS[136,139]	Human liver microsomes, serum, feces[136,140,142]
(13’-COOH)	HPLC-FD or HPLC-ECD[136,141]	Rat liver microsomes[139,140]
	GC-MS[140]	Mouse feces[136]
		Cell culture medium of A549 cells[139]
		HepG2 cells[140,143]
Carboxydimethyldecyl-hydroxychroman	LC-ESI-MS[136,139,141]	Human feces[136]
(CDMDHC)	HPLC-FD or HPLC-ECD[136,141]	Mouse serum and feces[136]
(11’-COOH)	GC-MS[140]	HepG2 cells[140,143]
Carboxymethyloctyl-hydroxychroman	LC-ESI-MS[136,139,141]	Human and mouse feces[136]
(CDMOHC)	HPLC-FD or HPLC-ECD[136,141]	HepG2 cells[140,143]
(9’-COOH)	GC-MS[140]
Carboxymethylhexyl-hydroxychroman	GC-MS[134,137,140,144]	Human and mouse feces[136]
(CDMHHC)	HPLC-ECD[136,137]	HepG2 cells[120,140,144]
(7’-COOH)	LC-ESI-MS[136]
Carboxymethylbutyl-hydroxychroman	GC-MS[134,137,140,144]	Human serum or plasma, urine and feces[116,134,136,144]
(CMBHC)	HPLC-ECD[136,137]	Mouse liver, serum, urine and feces[136]
(5’-COOH)	LC-ESI-MS[136]	HepG2 cells[120,140,144]
Carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman	LC-ESI-MS[136,139,141]	Human plasma or serum, urine, feces[134-136,140,144,150-152,155,156]
(CEHC)	HPLC-ECD[136,137,149-152]	Rat liver, plasma, bile and urine[141,149,154]
(3’-COOH)	GC-MS[134,137,144,153]	Mouse serum or plasma, urine, feces and liver[134-136,144,151,155,156]
		A549 and HepG2 cells[137,140,141,144]