Roles of the canonical myomiRs miR-1, -133 and -206 in cell development and disease

Table 5 Targets and pathways influenced by the upregulated myomiRs in different cancers

Factor(s)	Regulation	Regulator	Tissue/cell	Ref.
Upregulated miR-133b
Activated p-ERK, pAKT1 cause in vitro proliferation of cervical cancer cell lines, and promote in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis	Downregulation of MST2, CDC42, RHOA	Upregulated miR-133b	Human cervical carcinoma tissue compared to surrounding normal cervical tissue	[121]
Decreased patient survival		Upregulated miR-133b	Progression bladder cancer	[122]
Androgen receptor	miR-133b directly represses CDC2L5, PTPRK, RB1CC1, CPNE3	miR-133b directly upregulated by AR	Hormone-sensitive human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells stimulated by androgen	[123]
Activativated neuroendocrine neoplasia proliferation	Mutation in von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase gene (VHL)	Upregulated miR-133b expression in VHL- deficient pheochromocytoma	Human pheochromocytoma (PCCs) and paraganglioma (PGLs) neuroendocrine neoplasias	[318]
Upregulated miR-206
Cell reprogramming factor KLF4	KLF4 downregulated in colon cancer tissue, associated with increased miR-206	miR-206 strongly upregulated in colon cancer tissues	Human colon cancer tissue	[116]
Upregulated miR-1 and miR-133
Decreased survival of R172 IDH2-mutated subset of CN-AML patients, increases resistance to chemotherapy	Distinctive gene and microRNA expression profiles accurately predicted R172 IDH2 mutations	Upregulated expression of miR-1 and miR-133	De novo CN-AML patient bone marrow and blood samples	[151]
EVI1 increases aggressive cancer growth	EVI1 expression upregulated in established patient samples	Upregulated expression of miR-1-2 and miR-133-a-1	EVI1 expressing AML subset of patients	[120]
	ChIP assays show EVI1 binds to miR-1-2 gene promoter directly
CCND2	miR-1 and miR-133a were specifically overexpressed in the cases with t(14;16) translocation, correlates with down-regulated CCND2 expression	Upregulated miR-1 and miR-133-a	Multiple myeloma	[152]
Secreted myomiRs
miRs selectively released into serum (within exosome microparticles)	miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b selectively released		Human breast cancer	[319]
Circulating microRNA	Tumor-derived exosomes		Human non-small-cell lung cancer	[320]

AKT1: V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1; CN-AML: Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia.