Mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis: Recent developments in breast cancer cells

Table 1 Agents inducing anticancer mechanisms in cultured breast cancer cells

Agent	Model	Anticancer mechanism	Citation
Camptothecin	MCF-7	Apoptosis↑	[29]
Epirubicin	MCF-7	Apoptosis↑	[47]
Tamoxifen	MCF-7	Apoptosis↑	[48,49]
4-hydroxytamoxifen	MCF-7, T-47D	Apoptosis↑	[50,51]
Lucanthone	MDA-MB-231	Apoptosis↑, autophagy↓	[25,53]
Chloroquine	Breast cancer carcinoma1	Apoptosis↑, autophagy↓	[69]
Photodynamic therapy	MCF-7	Autophagy↑	[56]
Tunicamycin	MCF-7	Autophagy↑	[59]

¹Ex vivo model.