Dual function of transforming growth factor beta 2 in the progression of gastric carcinoma

Table 1 Transforming growth factor beta 2 expression in relation to various pathologic parameters

Parameters	Cancer cell			CAF			Cancer cell and CAF
	Low (n = 317)	High (n = 201)	P value	Low (n = 238)	High (n = 280)	P value	High on cancer cell and low on CAF (n = 70)	The others (n = 448)	P value
Gender
Male (n = 358)	218	140	-	154	204	-	43	315	-
Female (n = 160)	99	61	0.909	84	76	0.0567	27	133	0.175
Pathology
Tubular adenocarcinoma (n = 243)	137	106	-	113	130	-	38	205	-
Poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell (n = 240)	157	83	0.105	110	130	0.72	28	212	0.38
TMN
T1 (n = 161)	114	47	-	67	94	-	16	145	-
T2 (n = 87)	51	36	-	36	51	-	12	75	-
T3 (n = 126)	76	50	-	67	59	-	21	105	-
T4 (n = 144)	76	68	-	68	76	-	21	123	-
T1, T2, T3 (n = 374)	241	133	-	170	204	-	49	325	-
T4 (n = 144)	76	68	0.0193	68	76	0.792	21	123	0.765
N0 (n = 248)	160	88	-	98	150	-	27	221	-
N1 (n = 91)	52	39	-	50	41	-	18	73	-
N2 (n = 72)	41	31	-	32	40	-	9	63	-
N3 (n = 104)	62	42	-	56	48	-	16	88	-
N0 (n = 248)	160	88	-	98	150	-	27	221	-
N1, N2, N3 (n = 267)	155	112	0.317	138	129	0.0167	43	224	0.177
M0 (n = 465)	286	179	-	206	259	-	61	404	-
M1 (n = 53)	31	22	0.781	32	21	0.0376	9	44	0.57
Pathological findings of the primary tumor
Infiltration
A (n = 26)	18	8	-	20	6	-	6	20	-
B (n = 354)	212	142	-	154	200	-	48	306	-
C (n = 115)	72	43	-	56	59	-	14	101	-
A, b (n = 380)	230	150	-	174	206	-	54	326	-
C (n = 115)	72	43	0.85	56	59	0.47	14	101	0.673
Lymphatic invasion
0 (n = 201)	136	65	-	87	114	-	25	176	-
1 (n = 153)	93	60	-	68	85	-	19	134	-
2 (n = 108)	56	52	-	55	53	-	18	90	-
3 (n = 54)	31	23	-	27	27	-	8	46	-
0 (n = 201)	136	65	-	87	114	-	25	176	-
1, 2, 3 (n = 315)	160	135	0.0544	150	165	0.624	45	270	0.715
Vanous invasion
0 (n = 365)	228	137	-	152	213	-	49	326	-
1 (n = 110)	65	45	-	60	50	-	14	90	-
2 (n = 33)	17	16	-	21	12	-	7	26	-
3 (n = 6)	5	1	-	3	3	-	0	6	-
0 (n = 365)	234	141	-	159	216	-	49	326	-
1, 2, 3 (n = 149)	81	58	0.625	77	62	0.0314	21	118	0.609

For all parameters, the classification into low/high was based on transforming growth factor beta 2 expression observed in immunohistochemical staining of the primary tumor. The P values for each parameter were the P values between the two groups, the low and high groups, for the cancer cell and cancer-associated fibroblast groups, respectively. In some parameters, some missing data of transforming growth factor beta 2 expression were deleted from the description. CAF: Cancer-associated fibroblast; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.