Calcified coronary artery disease: Mechanisms, risk factors and clinical consequences

doi:10.4331/wjbc.121278

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 17, Issue 3

This Article

(5)

(0)

(79)

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Biological Chemistry

ISSN

1949-8454

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Minireviews

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Biol Chem. Sep 5, 2026; 17(3): 121278
Published online Sep 5, 2026. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.121278

Table 2 Calcium classification by morphology and dimension

Calcium type	Description
Microcalcification	Calcium deposits greater than 0.5 μm but smaller than 15 μm
Punctate calcification	Deposits larger than 15 μm but under 1 mm in diameter
Calcium fragment	Deposits exceeding 1 mm in size
Calcium sheet	Extending over more than one quadrant of the vessel circumference or > 3 mm wide
Nodular calcification	Resulting from calcium sheet fracture while the fibrous cap remains intact
Calcified nodule	Occurs when the fibrous cap ruptures and is accompanied by luminal thrombus

Full Size Table

Citation: Ktenopoulos N, Apostolos A, Theodoropoulou T, Karakasis P, Iliakis P, Tsiamis N, Milaras N, Skalidis I, Evdaimon K, Sagris M, Drakopoulou M, Synetos A, Latsios G, Tsioufis K, Toutouzas K. Calcified coronary artery disease: Mechanisms, risk factors and clinical consequences. World J Biol Chem 2026; 17(3): 121278
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8454/full/v17/i3/121278.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.121278

Ktenopoulos N, Apostolos A, Theodoropoulou T, Karakasis P, Iliakis P, Tsiamis N, Milaras N, Skalidis I, Evdaimon K, Sagris M, Drakopoulou M, Synetos A, Latsios G, Tsioufis K, Toutouzas K. Calcified coronary artery disease: Mechanisms, risk factors and clinical consequences. World J Biol Chem 2026; 17(3): 121278 [DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.121278]

All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.