Interferon-gamma signaling pathway: Modulation of key genes in the progression of glioblastoma

Figure 4 The molecular function of programmed death-ligand 1 and its relationship with glioblastoma. Glioblastoma tumor cells can evade the immune response through the overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 on their surface. This ligand binds to the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor present on T cells, inhibiting T cell receptor-mediated signaling, even in the presence of tumor antigens. As a result, T cells are not properly activated, promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment that allows tumor progression. This regulatory axis represents a critical point in glioblastoma immune evasion. PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; TCR: T cell receptor; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1.