Expression of adipokine ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in human colorectal adenoma and correlation with the grade of dysplasia

Table 1 Descriptive statistics regarding adenoma size, localization and type (sessile, peduncular, subpeduncular, flat)

	n	%
Adenoma < 5 mm in ascending colon
Not found	65	70.7
Found	27	29.3
Adenoma > 5 mm in ascending colon
Not found	62	67.4
Found	30	32.6
Type of adenoma > 5 mm in ascending colon
Sessile	24	54.6
Peduncular	3	6.8
Subpeduncular	7	15.9
Flat	10	22.7
Adenoma < 5 mm in transverse and descending colon
Not found	75	81.5
Found	17	18.5
Adenoma > 5 mm in transverse and descending colon
Not found	69	75.0
Found	23	25.0
Type of adenoma > 5 mm in transverse and descending colon
Sessile	15	51.7
Peduncular	7	24.1
Subpeduncular	4	13.8
Flat	3	10.4
Adenoma < 5 mm in sigmoid colon
Not found	68	73.9
Found	24	26.1
Adenoma > 5 mm in sigmoid colon
Not found	43	46.7
Found	49	53.3
Type of adenoma > 5 mm in sigmoid colon
Sessile	18	31.1
Peduncular	26	44.8
Subpeduncular	12	20.7
Flat	2	3.4
Adenoma < 5 mm in rectum
Not found	75	81.5
Found	17	18.5
Adenoma > 5 mm in rectum
Not found	73	79.3
Found	19	20.7
Type of adenoma > 5 mm in rectum
Sessile	14	73.7
Peduncular	4	21.1
Subpeduncular	1	5.2
Flat	0	0.0

Table 2 Correlation of immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor based on two groups of immunohistochemical staining index value in adenoma and adjacent tissue to the stage of adenoma dysplasia

	Dysplasia grade				P value
	Low dysplasia		High dysplasia
	n	%	n	%
ISI for ghrelin in adenoma					0.048a
ISI < 9	48	98.0	37	86.0
ISI 9-strong reaction	1	2.0	6	14.0
ISI for ghrelin in adjacent tissue					1.000
ISI 0 < 6	42	85.7	37	86.0
ISI 6-moderate reaction	7	14.3	6	14.0
ISI for ghrelin receptor in adenoma					0.114
ISI < 9	43	87.8	32	74.4
ISI 9-strong reaction	6	12.2	11	25.6
ISI for ghrelin receptor in adjacent tissue					0.664
ISI < 9	30	61.2	29	67.4
ISI 9-strong reaction	19	38.8	14	32.6

^aP = 0.048 for strong ghrelin expression in adenoma with high vs low grade dysplasia.

ISI: Immunohistochemical staining index.

Table 3 Spearman’s rank correlation for immunohistocehmical expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in adenoma and adjacent tissue with the grade of adenoma dysplasia

	ISI for ghrelin in adenoma	ISI for ghrelin in adjacent tissue	ISI for ghrelin receptor in adenoma	ISI for ghrelin receptor in adjacent tissue
Low grade dysplasia
ISI for ghrelin in adenoma
Rho	1.000	0.173	-0.108	-0.096
P value		0.235	0.459	0.511
n	49	49	49	49
ISI for ghrelin in adjacent tissue
Rho	0.173	1.000	0.159	0.367
P value	0.235		0.276	0.009a
n	49	49	49	49
ISI for ghrelin receptor in adenoma
Rho	-0.108	0.159	1.000	0.576
P value	0.459	0.276		< 0.001b
n	49	49	49	49
ISI for ghrelin receptor in adjacent tissue
Rho	-0.096	0.367	0.576	1.000
P value	0.511	0.009	0.000
n	49	49	49	49
High grade dysplasia
ISI for ghrelin in adenoma
Rho	1.000	0.347	0.519	0.077
P value		0.023d	< 0.001c	0.622
n	43	43	43	43
ISI for ghrelin in adjacent tissue
Rho	0.347	1.000	0.230	0.409
P value	0.023d		0.138	0.007e
n	43	43	43	43
ISI for ghrelin receptor in adenoma
Rho	0.519	0.230	1.000	0.467
P value	< 0.001c	0.138		0.002f
n	43	43	43	43
ISI for ghrelin receptor in adjacent tissue
Rho	0.077	0.409	0.467	1.000
P value	0.622	0.007e	0.002f
n	43	43	43	43

^aP = 0.009 positive correlation between expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in adjacent tissue for low grade dysplasia adenoma.

^bP < 0.001 positive correlation between expression of ghrelin receptor in adenoma and adjacent tissue for low grade dysplasia adenoma.

^cP < 0.001 positive correlation between expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in adenoma for high grade dysplasia adenoma.

^dP = 0.023 positive correlation between expression of ghrelin in adenoma and adjacent tissue for high grade dysplasia adenoma.

^eP = 0.007 positive correlation between expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in adjacent tissue for high grade dysplasia adenoma.

^fP = 0.002 positive correlation between expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor in adjacent tissue for low grade dysplasia adenoma.

ISI: Immunohistochemical staining index; Rho: Spearman correlation coefficient.