Risk factors for pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective study in a Thai tertiary center

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of postoperative pancreatic fistula risk factors

Variable	Univariate OR (95%CI)	Univariate P-value	Multivariate OR (95%CI)	Multivariate P-value
Age (yr)
< 70
≥ 70	0.833 (0.39-1.78)	0.637
Body mass index (kg/cm2)
< 25
≥ 25	2.381 (1.13-5.03)	0.023	2.081 (0.86-5.03)	0.104
Albumin
≥ 30
< 30	0.669 (0.29-1.54)	0.344
Total bilirubin
< 3
≥ 3	0.468 (0.26-0.85)	0.013	1.455 (0.38-5.55)	0.583
Pancreatic duct diameter
≥ 5 mm
< 5 mm	2.765 (1.47-5.18)	0.002	3.148 (0.81-12.27)	0.098
Operative time
< 420 min
≥ 420 min	2.393 (1.26-4.55)	0.008	1.355 (0.59-3.07)	0.465
Blood loss
< 1000
≥ 1000	0.616 (0.34-1.12)	0.11
Gender
Male
Female	1.065 (0.59-1.92)	0.833
DM
No
Yes	0.653 (0.33-1.29)	0.218
Hx of cardiovascular disease
No
Yes	3.417 (1.48-7.86)	0.004	2.612 (0.96-7.08)	0.059
Preop biliary stent (no)
No
Yes	1.649 (0.88-3.08)	0.117
Pancreatic texture
Hard/firm
Soft	4.682 (2.47-8.87)	< 0.001	3.598 (1.77-7.32)	< 0.001
Type of resection
Pylorus-preserved pancreaticoduodenectomy
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	0.518 (0.27-1.00)	0.051	0.807 (0.37-1.78)	0.597
Duct to mucosa
Invagination	0.635 (0.34-1.19)	0.156
Stent (no)
No
Yes	2.553 (1.31-4.99)	0.006	1.272 (0.52-3.09)	0.595
External
Internal	0.500 (0.13-1.87)	0.303
Malignant (no)
No
Yes	1.109 (0.52-2.34)	0.785
Final diagnosis (CA ampulla)
CA pancreas	0.324 (0.14-0.76)	0.01	0.439 (0.16-1.19)	0.105
CA duodenal	0.253 (0.06-1.05)	0.058	0.533 (0.11-2.59)	0.435
CA distal CBD	1.062 (0.36-3.11)	0.913	1.188 (0.33-4.29)	0.793
Other	0.650 (0.31-1.37)	0.258	0.543 (0.22-1.35)	0.189