Short-term and middle-term evaluation of laparoscopic hepatectomies compared with open hepatectomies: A propensity score matching analysis

Table 1 Demographic data and preoperative variables before and after propensity score matching n (%)

	OLR (n = 169)	LLR (n = 72)	P value	OLR (n = 72)	LLR (n = 72)	P value
Gender (M:F)	106:63	35:37	0.042	37:35	35:37	0.739
Age (yr), median (IQR)	65 (58-71)	61 (49-71)	0.091	62 (52-67)	61 (49-71)	0.794
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR)
< 30	141 (83.74)	58 (80.6)	0.590	58 (80.6)	59 (81.9)	0.831
> 30	28 (16.6)	14 (19.4)		14 (19.4)	13 (18.1)
Co-morbidities	114 (67.5)	39 (54.2)	0.0499	43 (59.7)	39 (54.2)	0.501
Dyslipidemia	53 (31.4)	16 (22.2)	0.151	20 (27.8)	16 (22.2)	0.441
Diabetes	27 (16.0)	12 (16.7)	0.894	10 (13.9)	12 (16.7)	0.643
Hypertension	60 (35.5)	28 (38.9)	0.617	24 (33.3)	28 (38.9)	0.488
Deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism	20 (11.8)	6 (8.3)	0.423	6 (8.3)	6 (8.3)	1
Arteriopathy	8 (4.7)	3 (4.2)	1	1 (1.4)	3 (4.2)	0.620
Renal failure	7 (4.1)	1 (1.4)	0.442	1 (1.4)	1 (1.4)	1
Hepatopathy	22 (13.0)	26 (36.1)	< 0.001	14 (19.4)	26 (36.1)	0.026
Cirrhosis	18 (10.7)	21 (29.2)	0.002	10 (13.9)	21 (29.2)	0.067
Steatosis	11 (6.5)	4 (5.6)		3 (4.2)	4 (5.6)
Sains	140 (82.8)	47 (65.3)		59 (81.9)	47 (65.3)
Cardiopathy	35 (20.7)	9 (12.5)	0.131	10 (13.9)	9 (12.5)	0.806
Arrhythmia-atrial fibrillation	9 (5.3)	3 (4.2)	1	2 (2.8)	3 (4.2)	1
COPD	13 (7.7)	11 (15.3)	0.072	2 (2.8)	11 (15.3)	0.02
ASA score (I/II/III) (n)	36/82/51	26/28/18	0.055	21/34/17	26/28/18	0.565
ASA1 + 2	118 (69.8)	54 (75.0)	0.416	55 (76.4)	54 (75.0)	1
ASA3 + 4	51 (30.2)	18 (25.0)	0.416	17 (23.6)	18 (25.0)	1
Preoperative chemotherapy	101 (59.8)	26 (36.1)	< 0.001	30 (41.7)	26 (36.1)	0.494
Number of nodules, median (IQR)	3.0 (1.0-5.0)	1.0 (1.0-1.0)	< 0.001	1.5 (1.0-2.0)	1.0 (1.0-1.0)	< 0.001
Nodule max. size (mm), mean (IQR)	30.0 (20.0-45.0)	26.5 (20.0-44.3)	0.352	26.5 (20.0-44.3)	30.0 (20.0-55.3)	0.138
Resection type
Major resection	69 (40.8)	9 (12.5)	< 0.001	15 (20.8)	9 (12.5)	0.180
Minor resection	100 (59.2)	63 (87.5)		57 (79.2)	63 (87.5)
Benign lesions
Adenoma	3 (1.8)	9 (12.5)	0.001	3 (4.2)	9 (12.5)	0.129
Nodular hyperplasia	2 (1.2)	3 (4.2)	0.159	2 (2.8)	3 (4.2)	1
Hydatid cysts	5 (3.0)	2 (2.8)	1	3 (4.2)	2 (2.8)	1
Angioma	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)	1	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1
Other pathologies (Caroli disease, sclerosing cholangitis, traumatic, etc.)	2 (1.2)	2 (2.8)	0.585	2 (2.8)	2 (2.8)	1
Malignant tumors
Hepatocellular carcinoma	25 (14.8)	24 (33.3)	0.001	11 (15.3)	24 (33.3)	0.012
Colorectal metastases	101 (59.8)	18 (25.0)	< 0.001	38 (52.8)	18 (25.0)	< 0.001
Cholangiocarcinoma	11 (6.5)	5 (6.9)	1	4 (5.6)	5 (6.9)	1
Gallbladder cancer	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)	1	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1
Klatskin tumor	2 (1.2)	1 (1.4)	1	2 (2.8)	1 (1.4)	1
Neuroendocrine tumors	7 (4.1)	1 (1.4)	0.442	5 (6.9)	1 (1.4)	0.209
Other types of metastasis	25 (14.8)	24 (33.3)	0.001	11 (15.3)	24 (33.3)	0.012
Preoperative blood test, median (IQR)
Albumin (g/dL)	40.0 (38.0-43.0)	41.0 (39.0-44.0)	0.293	40.5 (38.0-44.0)	41.0 (39.0-44.3)	0.465

OLR: Open liver resection; LLR: Laparoscopic liver resection; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.