Minimally invasive management of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery

Table 1 Recent successful studies managed minimally invasively after acute or chronic anastomotic leak

Ref.	Year	Cases	Procedure	Gender (F/M)	Age (yr)	Previous diagnose or treatment	Success n (%)	Failure or complications n (%)	Follow-up
Lamazza et al[13]	2015	22	SEMS	11/11	68	Anterior resection (all) Neoadjuvant (21)	19 (86.4)	Failure: 3 (13.6) Stent migration: 1 (4.5)	18-42 mo
Arezzo et al[19]	2012	14	OTSC	8/6	68.5	Anterior resection (12) Colostomy closure (1) Right hemicolectomy (1)	12 (85.7)	1 patient needed further surgery	4 mo
Sulz et al[20]	2014	6	OTSC	1/5	66.5	Colorectal resection	5 (83.3)	Failure: 1 (Succeeded with 2nd OTSC)	N/A
Weidenhagen et al[25]	2008	29	VAC	5/24	66.7	Rectal cancer (22) Rectosigmoidal cancer (3) Large rectal adenoma (2) Diverticulitis (1) Endometrial cancer infiltration (1)	28 (96.6)	1 (Hartmann’s procedure)	VAC duration: 34.4 ± 19.4 d
Blumetti et al[31]	2011	5	Transanal repair	N/A	52	Coloanal anastomosis (4) Colorectal anastomosis (1)	4 (80)	Failure: 1 (20)	Time to repair: 8-15 mo

F/M: Female/male; SEMS: Self-expandable metallic stent; OTSC: Over the scope clip; N/A: Data not available; VAC: Vacuum-assisted closure.