Critical appraisal of laparoscopic vs open rectal cancer surgery

Table 4 Distribution of long-term and short-term outcomes across three surgery groups

	Laparoscopic surgery n = 200	Converted surgery n = 25	Open surgery n = 408	P value
	No. of patients (%)	No. of patients (%)	No. of patients (%)
Short-term outcomes
Anastomotic leaks	13 (6.5)	0 (0)	17 (4.2)	0.233
Wound complications	8 (4)	2 (8.0)	31 (7.6)	0.227
Bleeding complications	5 (2.5)	1 (4.0)	9 (2.2)	0.840
Ileus	3 (1.5)	2 (8.0)	18 (4.4)	0.097
Pneumonia	1 (0.5)	0 (0)	8 (2)	0.298
Cardiac events	7 (3.5)	2 (8)	17 (4.2)	0.562
30 d mortality	2 (1)	0 (0)	8 (2.0)	0.545
Long-term
Intestinal obstruction	23 (11.5)	5 (20)	59 (14.5)	0.396
Incisional hernia	9 (4.5)	1 (4)	33 (8.1)	0.218
Local recurrence	9 (4.5)	1 (4.0)	36 (8.8)	0.126
Distant recurrence	45 (22.5)	6 (24)	106 (26)	0.644