Therapeutic improvement of colonic anastomotic healing under complicated conditions: A systematic review

Table 5 Studies on therapeutic compounds in chemotherapeutic model

Ref.	Compound	Time of administration	Species	Sex	Sample size1	Dosage	Route	Test	Test day	Effect2
Cetinkaya et al[91]	GM-CSF	Postoperative	Rat	N/A	54	0.0503	LO	BPR	3	↑ 26
Erdem et al[86]	GM-CSF	Postoperative	Rat	N/A	30	0.0503	LO	BPR	3	↑ 98
de Waard et al[87]	GM-CSF	Postoperative	Rat	M	31	0.0053	IP	BPR/BST	7	↓ 35/NS
	Interleukin-2					42 × 106	SC			NS/NS
Bostanoğlu et al[88]	Iloprost	Postoperative	Rat	M	38	0.0023	N/A	BPR	3/7	↑ 63/NS
Vasiliadis et al[90]	Iloprost	Postoperative	Rat	F	34	0.0023	IP	BPR	5/8	↑ 44/NS
								AL		↓ 30/↓ 30
Zacharakis et al[89]	IGF-1	Postoperative	Rat	M	32	23	IP	BPR/AL	7	↑ 53/NS
Erenoğlu et al[84]	HBOT	Postoperative	Rat	M	20			BPR	7	↑ 26
5Yildiz et al[85]	HBOT	Postoperative	Rat	F	24			BPR	5	NS

¹Total number of animals;

²↑% increase (P < 0.05) or ↓% decrease (P < 0.05) vs controls;

³mg/kg;

⁴IU/kg;

⁵Chemoradiotherapy model. AL: Anastomotic leakage; BPR: Bursting pressure; BST: Breaking strength; F: Female; GM-CSF: Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; HBOT: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor-1; IP: Intraperitoneal; LO: Local; M: Male; N/A: Data not available; NS: Not statistically significant; SC: Subcutaneous.