Contemporary review of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy

Table 1 Laparoscopic procedures

Ref.	Year	Robotic, open, Lap, or RAL	No. of patients	Age of patients	BMI of patients	ASA classification	EBL (mL)	Transfusion (#)	Op time (min)	Conversion (#)	Overall complications (# of patients)	Panc fistula	Length of stay	Postop death
Asbun et al[19]	2012	Lap	53	62.9 ± 14.14	27.64 ± 7.16	2.73	1951± 136	91	5411± 88	Counted as open	13	7	81± 3.2	3
Dulucq et al[21]	2006	Lap	25	62 ± 14	NR	1.39 ± 0.5	107 ± 48	3	2871± 44	3	7	1	16.2 ± 2.7	1
Kendrick et al[22]	2010	Lap	62	66 ± 12	26	3	240	NR	368	3	11	NR	7	1
Palanivelu et al[23]	2007	Lap	42	61	NR	Only I and II	65	NR	370	0	8	3	10.2	1
Pugliese et al[20]	2008	Lap	19	64 ± 12	< 35	2.3	180 ± 55	0	461 ± 90	6	6	3	18 ± 7	0
Zureikat et al[16]	2011	Lap	14	69.8 ± 10.2	28.5	2.64	300	4	4561	2	9	5	8	1

¹Indicates statistically significant compared to open procedures. RAL: Robotic assisted laparoscopy; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification; EBL: Estimated blood loss; NR: Not reported.