Coexistence of esophageal verrucous carcinoma in situ and gastric intramucosal poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma: A case report

Table 1 Summary of clinicopathological features of previously reported cases of esophageal verrucous carcinoma

Number	Patient demographics	Presenting symptoms	Tumor location	Initial biopsy findings	Definitive diagnostic method	Treatment approach	Clinical outcomes	Ref.
1	A 76-year-old Caucasian man	Hematemesis	Middle esophagus	Well-differentiated squamous carcinoma	Autopsy	Supportive treatment	The patient developed bilateral bronchopneumonia after admission and died suddenly on day 9	[30]
2	A 78-year-old Japanese woman	Progressive dysphagia	Upper esophagus	Hyperkeratosis and swollen rete peg of well-differentiated squamous cells	Pathological examination of the endoscopic biopsy	Intravenous injection of bleomycin for chemotherapy, with a total dose of 150 mg	The patient’s symptoms significantly resolved within 3 weeks of medication; esophageal angiography at 2 months showed tumor shrinkage; at 6 months after drug discontinuation, the patient remained asymptomatic and in good general condition	[31]
3	A 60-year-old woman	Progressive dysphagia and digestive hemorrhage	Middle and distal esophagus	Epithelial proliferation with lengthened papillae, hyperkeratosis, hyperacanthosis, and severe dysplasia		Subtotal esophagectomy		[32]
4	A 79-year-old man	Dysphagia and weight loss	Distal esophagus	Keratinized well-differentiated squamous cell	Autopsy		The patient deteriorated rapidly and died	[33]
5	A 66-year-old white man	Progressive dysphagia	Distal esophagus	Focal dysplasia	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagectomy	The patient has shown no evidence of tumor recurrence 22 months after resection	[34]
6	A 65-year-old woman	Dysphagia	Middle esophagus	Non-branching, filiform papillae with a thick layer of parakeratosis	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagogastrectomy		[35]
7	A 56-year-old woman		Distal esophagus	Inflammation	Pathological examination of the endoscopic biopsy	Esophagectomy	The patient has shown no evidence of progression	[36]
8	A 41-year-old man	Persistent atypical thoracic pain	Distal esophagus	Active mucosal mycosis, multiple ulcerations	Pathological examination of the endoscopic biopsy	Local antiviral treatment with hydroxy-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl-cytosine 5 mg/kg a week	The patient ultimately died 6 months after referral to the author’s center	[37]
9	A 63-year-old woman	Dysphagia, cough, and chest pain	Upper and middle esophagus	Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma	Endoscopic ultrasound and pathological examination of the EUS-guided biopsies	Chemoradiation		[38]
10	A 71-year-old woman	Progressive dysphagia, retrosternal pain, and hematemesis	Middle esophagus	Inflammation	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagogastrectomy		[39]
11	A 61-year-old man	Chest pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia	Distal esophagus	Hyperkeratosis with intraepithelial neutrophils and eosinophils	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagectomy with gastric pull-up		[22]
12	A 58-year-old woman	Dysphagia	Middle and distal esophagus	Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia	Endoscopic ultrasound and pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Preoperative chemoradiation and esophagectomy		[40]
13	A 78-year-old African American man	Dysphagia and weight loss	Middle and distal esophagus	Squamous epithelial cells with parakeratosis, inflammation, and ulceration, and focal squamous cell with atypia	Pathological examination of the endoscopic extensive biopsies	Esophageal stenting and chemoradiation		[23]
14	A 64-year-old man	Progressive dysphagia and weight loss	Middle esophagus	Squamous epithelium with candida	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Endoscopic esophagectomy, lymphadenectomy, ablation with argon plasma, and adjuvant radiotherapy	The patient is doing well with no signs of disease at 12-month follow-up	[6]
15	A 68-year-old Asian man	Regular health check	Distal esophagus	Squamous high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia	Pathological examination of the resected esophageal specimen	Endoscopic submucosal dissection		[41]
16	A 51-year-old man	Dysphagia and rumination	Distal esophagus	Squamous epithelium with candida	Pathological examination of the resected esophageal specimen	Endoscopic submucosal dissection		[42]
17	A 61-year-old man	Dysphagia	Distal esophagus	Well-differentiated squamo-proliferative process with low-grade cytological atypia	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagectomy	The patient developed an anastomotic stricture requiring several dilatations but is otherwise well 24 months later	[43]
18	A 52-year-old woman	Dysphagia	Distal esophagus	Inflammation and hyperkeratosis	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagectomy	The patient had mild postoperative pain but is otherwise well 24 months post-procedure	[43]
19	A 67-year-old woman	Progressive dysphagia and weight loss	Middle esophagus	Squamous hyperplasia with parakeratosis	Pathological examination of endoscopic mucosal resection specimens	Chemoradiation		[26]
20	A 50-year-old man	Progressive dysphagia and weight loss	Middle esophagus	Papillomatous and verruciform keratinizing hyperplasia	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagectomy with tubular gastroplasty	The patient developed cervical anastomotic leakage and secondary respiratory distress after the operation	[5]
21	A 65-year-old man	Progressive dysphagia	Gastro-oesophageal junction	Squamous hyperplasia	Pathological examination of endoscopic mucosal resection specimens	Endoscopic mucosa resection	The patient continues annual surveillance endoscopy, with the latest showing no residual lesion	[19]
22	A 64-year-old man	Dysphagia and sore throat	Middle esophagus	Reactive hyperkeratosis of the squamous epithelium with minimal atypia	Pathological examination of endoscopic mucosal resection specimens	Endoscopic mucosa resection		[2]
23	A 56-year-old woman	Dysphagia	Distal esophagus	Polypoid lesions and fungal infection	Pathological examination of the surgical specimen	Esophagectomy with lymph node dissection	The patient has shown no signs of recurrence in the 8 years since surgery	[1]
24	A 53-year-old woman	Regular health check	Middle esophagus	Superficial epithelial differentiation with evident cellular atypia	Pathological examination of the resected esophageal specimen	Endoscopic submucosal dissection		[11]
25	A 60-year-old Japanese man	Regular health check	Adjacent to the Barrett’s esophagus lesion	Cell proliferation of the squamous epithelium	Pathological examination of the resected esophageal specimen	Endoscopic submucosal dissection	The patient was closely monitored and showed no recurrence at 3 months after endoscopic submucosal dissection	[12]
26	A 54-year-old man	Swallowing dysfunction	Middle esophagus	Early esophageal cancer	Pathological examination of the resected esophageal specimen	Endoscopic submucosal dissection		[10]