Clinical outcomes of endoscopic papillectomy: The experience in a Chinese tertiary hospital

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Characteristics	Patients (n = 76)
Gender
Male	44 (58)
Female	32 (42)
Age, years	61.2 ± 9.8
BMI, kg/m2	24.1 ± 3.4
Clinical symptoms
Asymptomatic	42 (55.2)
Fever	3 (3.9)
Abdominal pain	22 (28.9)
Abdominal distension	7 (9.2)
Heartburn	2 (2.6)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	30 (39.4)
Diabetes	14 (18.4)
Cardiovascular disease	11 (14.4)
Malignancy	6 (7.9)
Oral anticoagulant	8 (10.5)
Smoking history	24 (31.6)
Alcohol intake	27 (35.5)
Tumor marker
CEA, ng/mL	1.9 (0.84, 2.8)
CA19-9, U/mL	7.5 (2.5, 15.1)
Blood routine test
WBC, 109/L	5.8 (4.8, 6.6)
NEU%	60.4 ± 10.4
HGB, g/L	139.5 ± 12.7
PLT, 109/L	221 (186, 248)
Liver function test
TBIL, μmol/L	12.6 (9.3, 18.9)
DBIL, μmol/L	3.4 (2.4, 5.7)
ALT, U/L	20.2 (14.3, 29.0)
AST, U/L	20.0 (15.9, 25.9)
AKP, U/L	79.5 (62.5, 96.0)
GGT, U/L	27.6 (17.5, 52.5)
ALB, g/L	41.5 ± 4.0
Serum ions
K+ mmol/L	3.9 ± 0.3
Na+ mmol/L	141.3 ± 2.1
Coagulation function
PTs	12.2 ± 1.0
INR	1.0 ± 0.1
APTT	29.4 (26.4, 35.2)
FIB, g/L	3.1 (2.7, 3.5)
TTs	17.3 ± 0.9
Endoscopic ultrasound assessment
Hypoechoic	50 (65.8)
Isoechoic	24 (31.6)
Hyperechoic	2 (2.6)
Bile duct diameter, mm	7.5 (6.0, 10.7)
Pancreatic duct diameter, mm	2.2 (2.0, 3.0)
Tumor size, mm	15.0 (15.0, 25.0)

BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; WBC: White blood cell; NEU: Neutrophil; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; AKP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALB: Albumin; PTs: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; FIB: Fibrinogen; TTs: Thrombin time.