Matched analysis of long-term oncological outcomes between watch-and-wait strategy and radical surgery after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer

doi:10.4240/wjgs.121131

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2026; 18(9): 121131
Published online Sep 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.121131

Table 4 Multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors associated with 3-year disease-free survival

Variable	β value	SE	Wald χ²	P value	HR (95%CI)
Age (≥ 60 vs < 60)	0.452	0.531	0.724	0.395	1.571 (0.555-4.450)
Gender (male vs female)	-0.287	0.518	0.307	0.580	0.751 (0.272-2.073)
Baseline cT stage (T3-4 vs T2)	0.891	0.712	1.566	0.211	2.438 (0.604-9.838)
Baseline cN stage (N2 vs N0-1)	1.418	0.604	5.512	0.019	4.128 (1.265-13.468)
Treatment strategy (radical surgery vs watch-and-wait)	-0.384	0.515	0.556	0.456	0.681 (0.248-1.868)
Pathological response (non-pCR vs pCR)	0.723	0.782	0.855	0.355	2.061 (0.445-9.538)

pCR: Pathological complete response; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Li ZJ, Zhang K. Matched analysis of long-term oncological outcomes between watch-and-wait strategy and radical surgery after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(9): 121131
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i9/121131.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.121131