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Observational Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2026; 18(9): 119675
Published online Sep 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.119675
Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the entire patient cohort (n = 197)
Variable
Count
Mean/n
Std Dev/%
Min
25%
Median
75%
Max
Demographic and clinical
Age (years)19758.111.33450596778
Sex (male)197109-55.33%-----
BMI (kg/m2)19723.83.116.221.623.925.832.5
Smoker19762-31.50%-----
Diabetes19731-15.70%-----
Hypertension19767-34.00%-----
Surgical and tumor
Surgical approach (laparoscopic)19716382.74%-----
Operation time (minute)197152.431.785130150175245
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)197132.845.250100120150350
Tumor location (colon/rectum)197118/79(59.9%/40.1%)-----
Tumor size (cm)1974.61.41.53.64.55.59
T3-4 stage197128-65.00%-----
Poor differentiation19753-26.90%-----
Intestinal function (subset, n = 33)
First exhaust time (days)333.361.0623346
First defecation time (days)333.791.1423446
Bowel sound recovery (days)332.640.7412334
Laboratory parameters (subset, n = 86)
Albumin (g/L)8640.226.3126.336.8241.443.8873.4
Globulin (g/L)8628.385.7920.124.8527.431.266.4
WBC (× 109/L)866.262.282.534.795.867.5316.77
Neutrophil %868.370.990.170.580.650.72659
Lymphocyte %860.270.170.060.180.260.311.47
Platelet (× 109/L)86233.9691.460.31179226.5273.75482
Fibrinogen (g/L)863.680.921.933.013.64.286.23
ALT (U/L)8617.7211.0721114.52274
AST (U/L)8621.668.926172024.7578


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