Clinical applicability of synchronous vs sequential transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma

doi:10.4240/wjgs.119296

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2026; 18(9): 119296
Published online Sep 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.119296

Table 2 Clinical decision framework for synchronous vs sequential transarterial chemoembolization-microwave ablation

Clinical factor	Synchronous approach	Sequential approach
Tumor size	Small (≤ 3 cm)	Large (> 3 cm)
Tumor number	Solitary or oligofocal	Multiple/multifocal
Liver function	Good (Child-Pugh A)	Borderline (Child-Pugh B)
Tumor location	Accessible/superficial	Complex/deep/perivascular
ECOG performance	0-1	2
Treatment goal	Curative intent	Palliative/control
Expected tolerance	Good tolerance	Compromised tolerance
Follow-up capability	Reliable follow-up	Regular monitoring feasible

ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

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Citation: Ruan GY, Zhu Z, Cai ZZ, Lu GR, Wang QJ. Clinical applicability of synchronous vs sequential transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(9): 119296
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i9/119296.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.119296

Ruan GY, Zhu Z, Cai ZZ, Lu GR, Wang QJ. Clinical applicability of synchronous vs sequential transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(9): 119296 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.119296]

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