Internal vs oral bile reinfusion for hepatic recovery after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage

Figure 2 Multivariate predictors of favorable hepatic function recovery. Forest plot illustrating independent predictors of favorable hepatic function recovery, defined as achieving both total bilirubin < 51 μmol/L and albumin ≥ 35 g/L at 4 weeks post-reinfusion. Internal bile reinfusion emerged as the strongest independent predictor (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 9.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.58-23.91; P < 0.001), maintaining robust significance even after controlling for all potential confounders. Other significant independent predictors included baseline bilirubin < 170 μmol/L (adjusted OR = 3.82, 95%CI: 1.45-10.05; P = 0.007), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 (adjusted OR = 3.15, 95%CI: 1.28-7.75; P = 0.012), and age < 65 years (adjusted OR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.12-6.41; P = 0.027). Primary tumor type did not significantly predict outcomes (P = 0.412). The dashed vertical line represents OR = 1 (no effect). Data point size reflects the relative importance of each predictor.