Internal vs oral bile reinfusion for hepatic recovery after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants, n (%)/mean ± SD

Characteristic	Observation group (n = 55)	Control group (n = 45)	P value
Age (years)	64.3 ± 10.5	63.8 ± 11.2	0.812
Male	32 (58.2)	25 (55.6)	0.786
BMI (kg/m2)	22.5 ± 3.2	22.3 ± 3.5	0.758
Primary tumor			0.972
Pancreatic cancer	29 (52.7)	24 (53.3)
Cholangiocarcinoma	16 (29.1)	12 (26.7)
Ampullary carcinoma	6 (10.9)	5 (11.1)
Metastatic disease	4 (7.3)	4 (8.9)
ECOG performance status			0.845
0-1	38 (69.1)	30 (66.7)
2	17 (30.9)	15 (33.3)
Baseline laboratory values
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	152.3 ± 35.8	148.7 ± 38.2	0.616
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L)	105.8 ± 28.5	102.3 ± 30.1	0.542
ALT (U/L)	95.3 ± 28.5	92.7 ± 31.2	0.653
AST (U/L)	108.5 ± 32.3	105.2 ± 35.8	0.625
ALP (U/L)	385.5 ± 95.3	378.2 ± 102.5	0.718
Albumin (g/L)	32.5 ± 4.8	32.1 ± 5.2	0.690

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.