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Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2026; 18(8): 122394
Published online Aug 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.122394
Figure 2
Figure 2 Cumulative distribution of unmet textbook outcome criteria among the 47 patients in the non-textbook outcome group. Percentages were calculated using the non-textbook outcome group as the denominator (n = 47). Criteria are cumulative and not mutually exclusive; therefore, one patient could fail more than one criterion. Single-criterion failure occurred in 24 patients (51.1%), and multiple concurrent failures occurred in 23 patients (48.9%). The most frequent isolated failure was severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III; 11/24, 45.8%). TO: Textbook outcome.


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