Magnetic compression anastomosis in gastrointestinal and biliary disease: Techniques and clinical applications

Table 4 Summary of clinical studies evaluating magnetic compression anastomosis for esophageal conditions

Ref.	Country	Design and patients	Indication	Main outcome	Adverse events and limitations
Zaritzky et al[47], 2009	Argentina	Prospective; n = 5	Esophageal atresia	Successful formation of an esophageal anastomosis. Clinical success: 100%; technical success: 80%	Restenosis in 80% requiring dilatation and Fever in one patient
Slater et al[50], 2019	United States	Multicenter retrospective case series; n = 13	Long-gap esophageal atresia	Establishment of esophageal continuity and long-term preservation of native esophagus. Clinical success: 12/13 (92.3%); technical success: 13/13 (100%)	Esophageal stricture requiring dilation in all patients (mean 9.8 dilations); stent placement (n = 6); surgery for refractory stricture (n = 2); perforation after dilation (n = 1)
Shieh et al[51], 2022	United States	Retrospective case series; n = 3	Long-gap esophageal atresia	Establishment of esophageal continuity and long-term. Clinical success: 0/3 (0%); technical success: 3/3 (100%)	Failure of anastomosis in 2 patients; magnet erosion into lung requiring surgery (n = 1); severe anastomotic stricture after repeat magnamosis (n = 1)
Conforti et al[52], 2023	Italy	Case series; n = 5	Long-gap esophageal atresia	Restoration of esophageal continuity. Clinical success: 5/5 (100%); technical success: 5/5 (100%)	Anastomotic stenosis requiring dilation (5/5); esophageal perforation after dilation (n = 1)
Lee et al[53], 2024	Germany, United States	First-in-human case series; n = 10	Esophageal magnetic compression anastomosis using the connect-EA device for esophageal atresia repair	Restoration of esophageal continuity and tolerance of oral feeding. Clinical success: 7/10 (70%); technical success: 9/10 (90%)	Bronchoesophageal fistula (n = 1); esophageal perforation after balloon dilation (n = 2)

EA: Esophageal atresia.