Sutureless portal vein reconstruction in porcine orthotopic liver transplantation using a microvascular coupler: A randomized study with artificial intelligence-assisted histopathology

Figure 4 Histological analysis of liver tissue in the coupler group/hand-sutured group. A: Histological analysis of liver tissue in the coupler group (hematoxylin and eosin staining). Representative images from five cases at 40 ×, 100 ×, and 400 ×. 40 ×/100 ×: Lobular architecture is preserved without significant inflammation, fibrosis, or necrosis. 400 ×: High magnification views show intact hepatocytes (yellow arrows), scattered lymphocytes (blue arrows), small necrotic areas (white arrows), and occasional polymorphonuclear cells (orange arrows), indicating minimal injury; B: Histological analysis of liver tissue in the hand-sutured group (hematoxylin and eosin staining). Representative images from five cases at 40 ×, 100 ×, and 400 ×. 40 ×/100 ×: Mild disorganization of lobular structure, focal necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration are seen in some cases. 400 ×: Intact hepatocytes (yellow arrows) and lymphocytes (blue arrows) are present, but overall inflammatory burden is higher.