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Meta-Analysis
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Aug 27, 2026; 18(8): 119417
Published online Aug 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.119417
Figure 8
Figure 8 Funnel plots and publication bias assessment. Funnel plots for all primary outcomes demonstrated approximate symmetry. Egger's regression test (P = 0.34) and Begg's test (P = 0.42) indicated no significant publication bias, and trim-and-fill analysis suggested no missing studies, confirming the robustness of pooled estimates. OR: Odds ratio.


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