Predictors of the technical success of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for biliary obstruction

Table 4 Final comprehensive multivariable logistic regression model of factors associated with procedural success

Variable	β coefficient	Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
Puncture performer’s title (high vs low)	0.353	1.423 (0.823-2.461)	0.207
Puncture experience (more vs less)	0.606	1.833 (1.124-2.989)	0.015
Dedicated probe (special vs ordinary)	0.901	2.462 (1.157-5.238)	0.019
Patient cooperation (good vs poor)	1.005	2.732 (1.136-6.568)	0.025
Bile duct diameter (≥ 6 mm vs < 6 mm)	0.754	2.126 (1.300-3.478)	0.003
Bilirubin level (> 340 μmol/L vs < 340 μmol/L)	0.946	2.576 (1.523-4.357)	< 0.001
Constant	-3.187	0.041	< 0.001

This final multivariable model identified five independent predictors of procedural success (P < 0.05). Operator seniority was not statistically significant (P = 0.207). The model’s predictive performance is summarized in Figure 4.