Ziwu-Liuzhu-guided combined external therapy promotes wound healing in postoperative perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease

Figure 2 Comparison of postoperative wound healing-related outcomes at week 4 among perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease patients in the three treatment groups. A: Distribution of wound healing scores, the Ziwu-Liuzhu time-specific external treatment group had the lowest scores, indicating the most favorable wound recovery; B: Distribution of wound exudate scores; The Ziwu-Liuzhu time-specific external treatment group showed markedly less wound exudation than the other two groups; C: Comparison of pain intensity assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); The Ziwu-Liuzhu time-specific external treatment group had significantly lower VAS scores than both the sitz bath plus acupoint application group and the sitz bath-only group; D: Distribution of granulation tissue growth scores; The Ziwu-Liuzhu time-specific external treatment group had substantially lower granulation tissue growth scores than the other two groups; E: Comparison of wound healing time; The Ziwu-Liuzhu time-specific external treatment group had the shortest wound healing time; F: Kaplan-Meier analysis of wound healing time across the three treatment groups. The log-rank test showed a statistically significant difference among the wound healing curves, with the Ziwu-Liuzhu time-specific external treatment group demonstrating the highest probability of wound healing. ANOVA: Analysis of variance; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.