Effects of modified Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy with acupuncture on postoperative wound healing and pain in mixed hemorrhoids

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between the two groups, n (%)

Characteristics	Control group (n = 40)	Combined group (n= 40)	t/χ2	P value
Age (years), mean ± SD	49.25 ± 10.03	48.36 ± 9.32	0.412	0.682
Gender			0.202	0.653
male	23 (57.50)	21 (52.50)
female	17 (42.50)	19 (47.50)
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	22.94 ± 2.10	22.89 ± 2.09	0.103	0.918
Disease duration (years), mean ± SD	2.05 ± 0.36	2.08 ± 0.37	-0.381	0.704
Grading of internal hemorrhoids			0.251	0.617
III degree	28 (70.00)	30 (75.00)
IV degree	12 (30.00)	10 (25.00)

This table compares the baseline characteristics between the two groups. Continuous variables (age, body mass index, disease duration) were analyzed by independent samples t-test, and categorical variables (gender, internal hemorrhoid grading) were analyzed by χ² test. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups for any baseline variable (all P > 0.05), indicating good comparability. BMI: Body mass index.