Association of Watson-based humanistic fast track surgery with stoma colorectal cancer recovery: A propensity matched study

Table 2 Comparison of primary outcomes in the matched cohort (n = 250), n (%)/mean ± SD

Outcome	Watson-FTS (n = 125)	Routine care (n = 125)	Unadjusted difference	Adjusted effect (95%CI)1	P value
First flatus time (hours)	52.4 ± 10.8	68.1 ± 13.5	-15.7	β: -15.2 (-18.4 to -12.0)	< 0.001
Overall complications	19 (15.2)	38 (30.4)	-15.20	aOR: 0.39 (0.21-0.72)	0.003
Clavien-Dindo severity
Grade I-II	15 (12.0)	30 (24.0)	-12.00	aOR: 0.43 (0.22-0.85)	0.015
Grade ≥ III	4 (3.2)	8 (6.4)	-3.20	aOR: 0.48 (0.14-1.66)	0.246
Stoma-related events	6 (4.8)	16 (12.8)	-8.00	aOR: 0.34 (0.13-0.89)	0.024

¹Propensity score matching was performed using all baseline variables listed in Table 1 (including age, sex, body mass index, education, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, Charlson Comorbidity Index, smoking, neoadjuvant therapy, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety/depression, surgical approach, TNM stage, tumor location, permanent stoma status, and baseline nutritional markers). The regression models for outcomes further adjusted for these covariates to account for residual confounding.

Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. β: Adjusted regression coefficient from multivariable linear regression. aOR: Adjusted odds ratio from multivariable logistic regression. FTS: Fast track surgery; aOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.