Relationship between postoperative tumor recurrence time and long-term survival in colorectal cancer patients

Figure 2 Cox regression analysis of factors affecting overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. A: Forest plot illustrating univariable Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival; B: Forest plot illustrating multivariable Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival. Univariable analysis identified eight significant factors associated with survival, including TNM stage, differentiation, vascular and neural invasion, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, recurrence time, recurrence pattern, and post-recurrence treatment (all P < 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, three variables remained independent prognostic factors: TNM stage [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.08, P < 0.001], differentiation grade (HR = 1.38, P = 0.043), and recurrence time (HR = 2.94, P < 0.001). Recurrence time emerged as the strongest independent predictor of overall survival, emphasizing its critical role in prognostic stratification. CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.