Effects of esketamine on perioperative renal injury in paediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation

doi:10.4240/wjgs.119494

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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World J Gastrointest Surg. Jun 27, 2026; 18(6): 119494
Published online Jun 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.119494

Table 4 Comparison of interleukin-10, interleukin-18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and tumour necrosis factor-α levels at different time points between the two groups

	Group E				Group C
	IL-10 (pg/mL)	IL-18 (pg/mL)	NGAL (ng/mL)	TNF-α (pg/mL)	IL-10 (pg/mL)	IL-18 (pg/mL)	NGAL (ng/mL)	TNF-α (pg/mL)
T1	89.74 ± 20.32	86.30 ± 15.30	23.45 ± 5.29	80.65 ± 13.80	90.91 ± 16.63	92.32 ± 15.41	25.14 ± 5.37	89.73 ± 16.45
T2	94.23 ± 22.21	123.34 ± 32.44^a^,^b	38.15 ± 6.17^a^,^b	129.50 ± 26.63^a^,^b	91.27 ± 20.33	168.50 ± 35.60^b	60.53 ± 5.46^b	163.76 ± 31.26^b
T3	93.78 ± 19.25	145.55 ± 34.47^a^,^b	62.16 ± 8.39^a^,^b	147.62 ± 32.12^a^,^b	93.48 ± 21.33	191.27 ± 39.92^b	102.22 ± 6.77^b	199.22 ± 29.43^b
T4	90.23 ± 21.21	122.51 ± 23.76^a^,^b	35.54 ± 5.26^a^,^b	130.90 ± 25.51^a^,^b	94.21 ± 22.56	150.33 ± 25.37^b	96.32 ± 5.54^b	172.30 ± 29.43^b
T5	92.31 ± 30.21	108.26 ± 22.90^a^,^b	34.65 ± 8.19^a^,^b	97.23 ± 23.45^a^,^b	93.32 ± 26.54	141.32 ± 22.43^b	71.43 ± 6.18^b	156.29 ± 26.65^b

^aP < 0.05 vs group C.

^bP < 0.05 vs T1.

T1: 5 minutes after anaesthetic induction; T2: 30 minutes during the anhepatic phase; T3: 3 hours during the new liver phase; T4: 24 hours postoperatively; T5: 72 hours postoperatively. IL: Interleukin; NGAL: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-α.

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Citation: Li HX, Cao GZ, Weng YQ, Dong AL, Gao W, Zhu M, Che L, Yu WL. Effects of esketamine on perioperative renal injury in paediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(6): 119494
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i6/119494.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.119494

Li HX, Cao GZ, Weng YQ, Dong AL, Gao W, Zhu M, Che L, Yu WL. Effects of esketamine on perioperative renal injury in paediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(6): 119494 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.119494]

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