Subcutaneous emphysema due to rectal perforation: A case report

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with subcutaneous emphysema due to intestinal perforation

Ref.	Age/sex	Location	Causes	Signs of peritonitis	Treatment/surgery
Setoguchi et al[17]	66, M	Sigmoid	Colonic diverticular	No	Sigmoid colostomy
Turco and Trivedi[18]	71, F	Rectum	HAL-RAR	No	Sigmoid colostomy
Kurti et al[19]	55, F	Rectum	Rectal diverticulosis	Inapparent	Segmental intestinal resection and anastomosis
Gupta et al[20]	83, F	Rectum	Fecal-associated perforation	No	Sigmoid colostomy
Janczak et al[2]	76, F	Sigmoid	Colonic diverticular	No	Colostomy
Lee et al[21]	62, F	Rectum	Rectal prolapse	No	Diverting sigmoid loop colostomy
Morita et al[22]	73, M	Rectum	Rectal cancer	NR	Colostomy
Fox et al[23]	46, M	Rectum-sigmoid	Rectal cancer	No	Right transverse colostomy
	72, M	Rectum-sigmoid	Colonic diverticular	No	Right transverse colostomy

F: Female; M: Male; HAL-RAR: Hemorrhoidal artery ligation and recto anal repair; NR: No report.