Synergistic effect of Codonopsis lanceolata and clip-line traction in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal cancer

Table 4 Comparison of complication rates between the two groups, n (%)

Indicators	Clipping wire traction group	Combination group	t/χ2	P value
Postoperative bleeding	3 (6.00)	1 (2.00)
Esophageal stenosis	6 (12.00)	3 (6.00)
Infection	3 (6.00)	0 (0.00)
Total	12 (24.00)	4 (8.00)	4.762	0.029

This table compares the incidence of complications between the two groups. Categorical variables (postoperative bleeding, esophageal stenosis, infection, total complication rate) are presented as n (%). The overall complication rate was compared using the χ² test, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).