Synergistic effect of Codonopsis lanceolata and clip-line traction in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early esophageal cancer

Table 2 Comparison of surgery-related indicators between the two groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Indicators	Clipping wire traction group	Combination group	t/χ2	P value
Operation time(min)	57.65 ± 12.81	53.39 ± 10.36	1.828	0.071
En bloc resection rate	47 (94.00)	50 (100.00)	3.093	0.079
Curative resection rate	42 (84.00)	46 (92.00)	1.515	0.218

This table compares operative outcomes between the two groups. Continuous variables (operation time) are presented as mean ± SD and were compared using the independent samples t-test. Categorical variables (en bloc resection rate, curative resection rate) are presented as n (%) and were compared using the χ² test. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups (all P > 0.05).