Comprehensive strategy for preventing unplanned extubation in patients with post-operative delirium after gastrointestinal surgery

doi:10.4240/wjgs.117179

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. Jun 27, 2026; 18(6): 117179
Published online Jun 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.117179

Table 5 Comparison of neuroinflammatory and brain injury biomarker levels, mean ± SD

Biomarker (unit)	Timepoint	Intervention group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 58)	F (group/time/interaction)	P value
IL-6 (pg/mL)	Post-op day 1	85.40 ± 22.30	87.20 ± 24.10
	Post-op day 3	42.10 ± 12.60	76.50 ± 18.90	165.600/151.500/35.590	0.000
	Post-op day 5	28.70 ± 8.40	65.30 ± 15.20
S100β (ng/mL)	Post-op day 1	0.48 ± 0.12	0.49 ± 0.13
	Post-op day 3	0.32 ± 0.08	0.45 ± 0.11	92.500/75.460/20.020	0.000
	Post-op day 5	0.24 ± 0.06	0.41 ± 0.09
NSE (ng/mL)	Post-op day 1	18.60 ± 4.20	18.90 ± 4.50
	Post-op day 3	14.30 ± 3.10	17.80 ± 4.00	46.780/41.960/9.692	0.000
	Post-op day 5	12.10 ± 2.80	16.50 ± 3.70

IL: Interleukin; S100β: S100 calcium-binding protein β; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase; Post-op: Post-operative.

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Citation: Yu YH, Yang JJ. Comprehensive strategy for preventing unplanned extubation in patients with post-operative delirium after gastrointestinal surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(6): 117179
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i6/117179.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.117179

Yu YH, Yang JJ. Comprehensive strategy for preventing unplanned extubation in patients with post-operative delirium after gastrointestinal surgery. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(6): 117179 [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.117179]

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