Early mobilization combined with intermittent pneumatic compression for deep vein thrombosis prevention after hepatocellular carcinoma surgery

Table 5 Comparison of early mobilization compliance and functional recovery indicators between two groups

Indicator	Control group (n = 48)	Observation group (n = 52)	Statistics	P value
Time to first ambulation (hour, mean ± SD)	54.6 ± 8.2	26.8 ± 4.5	t = 20.894	< 0.001
Daily activity time on postoperative day 3 (minutes, mean ± SD)	45.3 ± 12.6	128.5 ± 24.3	t = -21.643	< 0.0012
Daily activity time on postoperative day 7 (minutes, mean ± SD)	92.6 ± 18.4	185.7 ± 32.5	t = -17.434	< 0.0012
VAS pain score (points, mean ± SD)
Postoperative day 3	3.9 ± 1.3	3.7 ± 1.2	t = 0.813	0.418
Postoperative day 7	3.6 ± 1.1	3.4 ± 1.0	t = 0.958	0.34
BI score (points, mean ± SD)
1 day preoperatively	95.2 ± 5.8	94.8 ± 6.2	t = 0.341	0.734
Postoperative day 7	62.5 ± 8.6	71.3 ± 9.2	t = -5.017	< 0.0011
Postoperative day 14	78.4 ± 7.9	86.2 ± 8.5	t = -4.802	< 0.0011
KPS score (points, mean ± SD)
1 day preoperatively	88.3 ± 6.5	89.0 ± 6.8	t = -0.532	0.596
Postoperative day 7	64.2 ± 7.8	72.5 ± 8.3	t = -5.210	< 0.0011
Postoperative day 14	75.6 ± 7.2	82.8 ± 7.6	t = -4.889	< 0.0011
Independent walking distance (m, mean ± SD)
Postoperative day 7	28.5 ± 8.6	65.3 ± 12.4	t = -17.262	< 0.0013
Postoperative day 14	58.7 ± 12.3	125.8 ± 18.6	t = -21.229	< 0.0013

¹Statistically significant difference after Bonferroni correction (Barthel Index and Karnofsky Performance Status were each corrected for 3 time points, corrected α = 0.0167).

²Statistically significant difference after Bonferroni correction (corrected for postoperative days 3 and 7, 2 time points, corrected α = 0.025).

³Statistically significant difference after Bonferroni correction (corrected for postoperative days 7 and 14, 2 time points, corrected α = 0.025).

VAS: Visual Analog Scale; BI: Barthel Index; KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status.