Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: A review of comparative perspectives on treatment outcomes vs gastrectomy

Table 2 Assessment of the quality and limitations of the research evidence

Evaluation criteria	Features	Level of evidence
Research design	Single-centre retrospective cohort	Below average
Sample size	206 cases of early-stage gastric cancer	Intermediate
Follow-up interval	Short-term perioperative period; no long-term survival	The evidence is incomplete
Bias risk	Selection bias, baseline imbalance	Limited generalisability
Strength of the conclusion	Short-term benefits are certain, but long-term efficacy is uncertain	This requires validation through prospective studies