Impact of incision preference and umbilical care on laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes: A randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Comparison of the distribution of operative time, surgical site infection, length of hospital stay, incisional hernia development, and cosmetic satisfaction levels between the groups, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (minimum-maximum)

Variable		Intervention group, UCTI (n = 40)	Control group, SCPI (n = 40)	P value
Operative time (minutes)		105.75 ± 22.40	116.87 ± 24.22	0.0361
Length of hospital stay (days)		1 (1-3)	1 (1-4)	0.0773
Complication (incisional hernia, SSI within 1 month)	Yes	3 (3.8)	1 (1.2)	0.6152
	No	37 (46.3)	39 (48.8)
SSI	Yes	1 (1.2)	2 (2.5)	1.0002
	No	39 (48.8)	38 (47.5)
Cosmetic satisfaction level (VAS)		9 (7-10)	7 (5-9)	< 0.0011
PSAS score		25 (15-46)	35 (15-60)	0.0013
PSAS item 7 score (patients’ overall opinion of the scar)		3 (1-5)	6 (4-8)	< 0.0013
OSAS score		16.5 (6-39)	28.5 (20-53)	< 0.0013
OSAS item 7 score (observer’s overall opinion of the scar)		3 (1-6)	5.5 (2-8)	< 0.0013

¹Independent sample t test.

²Fisher’s exact test.

³Mann Whitney U test.

SSI: Surgical site infection; VAS: Visual analog scale; PSAS: Patient scar assessment scale; OSAS: Observer scar assessment scale; UCTI: Umbilical care and transumbilical incision; SCPI: Standard care and periumbilical incision.