Gut-liver axis management and its surgical application: A perspective from “liver governing free flow”

Table 3 Commonly used drugs and their applications

Name of drug	Primary role	Machine	Clinical application	Study
Rifaximin	Regulates intestinal flora and reduces endotoxins	Inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria	Irritable bowel syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy	Improved cognitive function and reduced relapse rates
Ursodeoxycholic acid	Protects liver cells and improves bile flow	Reduces bile acid toxicity	Primary biliary cirrhosis	Slowing disease progression and improving survival
Probiotic preparation	Regulates the balance of intestinal flora and protects the liver	Increases beneficial bacteria and reduces inflammatory response	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis	Improve liver function and reduce fat content