Gut-liver axis management and its surgical application: A perspective from “liver governing free flow”

Table 1 Commonly used Chinese medicines and their main effects and clinical applications

Name of Chinese medicine	Main effects	Regulatory mechanism	Clinical application
Chenopodium album	Clearing heat, inducing diuresis and relieving yellow fever	Regulation of intestinal flora, improvement of intestinal barrier function, inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response	Treatment of fatty liver, liver fibrosis, etc.
Salvia miltiorrhiza	Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing the mind and removing vexation	Improve intestinal microcirculation, reduce intestinal inflammation, inhibit liver fibrosis	Chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis
Atractylodes macrocephala	Strengthening the spleen, promoting vital energy, drying dampness and inducing diuresis	Regulates intestinal flora, enhances intestinal barrier function, reduces intestinal permeability	Chronic gastritis, indigestion
Milk vetch root	Qi tonic, immune booster, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant	Regulating the balance of intestinal flora, enhancing intestinal immune function, increasing IgA secretion	Hepatitis, cirrhosis and its complications