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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2026; 18(5): 114460
Published online May 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.114460
Table 4 Surgical stress responses, mean ± SD
Indicators
Control group (n = 40)
Research group (n = 49)
t value
P value
Adrenaline (pg/mL)
Preoperative13.70 ± 4.4613.71 ± 3.890.0110.991
Postoperative22.88 ± 4.43c17.92 ± 3.88b5.628< 0.001
Cortisol (ng/mL)
Preoperative339.57 ± 48.63336.29 ± 54.340.2970.767
Postoperative407.50 ± 62.79c372.88 ± 53.43b2.8100.006
Norepinephrine (pg/mL)
Preoperative355.93 ± 54.27368.92 ± 62.601.0330.305
Postoperative431.02 ± 49.97c401.57 ± 76.79b2.0900.040


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