Predictive value of preoperative shock index for postoperative outcomes in traumatic splenic rupture patients undergoing splenectomy

Table 2 Comparison of clinical indicators at admission among three groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Indicator	Low SI group (n = 78)	Moderate SI group (n = 89)	High SI group (n = 45)	Statistic	P value	Effect size	Pairwise comparison P values3
Vital signs
Systolic BP (mmHg)	128.4 ± 15.2	106.3 ± 12.8	87.2 ± 11.6	F = 156.8	< 0.001	η2 = 0.600	P < 0.0014, P < 0.0015, P < 0.0016
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	78.6 ± 11.4	68.2 ± 10.7	56.3 ± 9.8	F = 67.4	< 0.001	η2 = 0.392	P < 0.0014, P < 0.0015, P < 0.0016
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	95.2 ± 11.8	80.9 ± 10.4	66.6 ± 9.2	F = 108.7	< 0.001	η2 = 0.510	P < 0.0014, P < 0.0015, P < 0.0016
Heart rate (beats/minutes)	92.3 ± 12.6	118.7 ± 14.2	142.8 ± 18.5	F = 189.3	< 0.001	η2 = 0.644	P < 0.0014, P < 0.0015, P < 0.0016
Respiratory rate (breaths/minutes)	18.2 ± 2.8	21.4 ± 3.6	26.8 ± 4.2	F = 92.6	< 0.001	η2 = 0.470	P < 0.0014, P < 0.0015, P < 0.0016
Body temperature (°C)	36.8 ± 0.6	36.6 ± 0.7	36.4 ± 0.8	F = 4.123	0.017	η2 = 0.0382	P = 0.1354, P = 0.0165, P = 0.2856
Shock index	0.72 ± 0.11	1.12 ± 0.11	1.65 ± 0.28	F = 892.4	< 0.001	η2 = 0.895	P < 0.0014, P < 0.0015, P < 0.0016
GCS score
Eye opening (E)	3.8 ± 0.5	3.6 ± 0.7	3.2 ± 0.9	F = 12.8	< 0.001	η2 = 0.109	P = 0.0244, P < 0.0015, P = 0.0186
Verbal response (V)	4.6 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.3	F = 11.2	< 0.001	η2 = 0.097	P = 0.0154, P < 0.0015, P = 0.0456
Motor response (M)	5.8 ± 0.6	5.5 ± 0.9	5.1 ± 1.2	F = 8.9	< 0.001	η2 = 0.078	P = 0.0424, P < 0.0015, P = 0.0786
GCS total score	14.2 ± 1.4	13.3 ± 2.1	12.0 ± 2.6	F = 18.7	< 0.001	η2 = 0.152	P = 0.0064, P < 0.0015, P = 0.0036
GCS grading				χ2 = 14.281	0.001	Cramer’s V = 0.184
Mild (13-15 points)	72 (92.3)	73 (82.0)	30 (66.7)
Moderate (9-12 points)	6 (7.7)	15 (16.9)	13 (28.9)
Severe (≤ 8 points)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.1)	2 (4.4)
Splenic Injury grading				χ2 = 25.671	< 0.001	Cramer’s V = 0.246
Grade I	18 (23.1)	8 (9.0)	2 (4.4)
Grade II	32 (41.0)	25 (28.1)	6 (13.3)
Grade III	22 (28.2)	38 (42.7)	18 (40.0)
Grade IV	5 (6.4)	15 (16.9)	15 (33.3)
Grade V	1 (1.3)	3 (3.4)	4 (8.9)

¹Linear trend χ² test.

²Small effect size, limited clinical significance.

³Pairwise comparisons using Tukey honestly significant difference test, corrected α = 0.0167.

⁴Low shock index group vs moderate shock index group.

⁵Low shock index group vs high shock index group.

⁶Moderate shock index group vs high shock index group.

BP: Blood pressure; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; SI: Shock index.