Navigation value of intraoperative ultrasound combined with indocyanine green fluorescence in complex hepatocellular carcinoma resection

Table 9 Cox multivariate regression analysis of factors influencing disease-free survival

Factor	β	SE	Wald χ2	HR	95%CI	P value
Combined navigation technology	-0.461	0.207	4.961	0.631	0.421-0.945	0.025
R0 resection	-0.759	0.218	12.123	0.468	0.306-0.715	< 0.001
Margin distance > 1.0 cm	-0.514	0.22	5.461	0.598	0.389-0.919	0.019
Tumor number ≥ 3	0.768	0.285	7.267	2.156	1.234-3.767	0.007
MVI M2 grade	0.911	0.235	15.021	2.487	1.568-3.945	< 0.001
Central tumor	0.485	0.208	5.436	1.623	1.078-2.443	0.02

Backward elimination method was used to screen variables, with P < 0.05 as variable retention standard. Variables included in initial model were age, gender, Child-Pugh grade, degree of cirrhosis, tumor diameter (≥ 8 cm vs < 8 cm), tumor number (≥ 3 vs < 3), central tumor, vascular involvement, alpha-fetoprotein level (> 400 ng/mL vs ≤ 400 ng/mL), differentiation degree, microvascular invasion grade, liver capsule invasion, satellite nodules, R0 resection, margin distance (> 1.0 cm vs ≤ 1.0 cm), anatomical resection, application of combined navigation technology, and other variables with P < 0.10 in univariate analysis. Tumor diameter ≥ 8 cm had P < 0.10 in univariate analysis, but P = 0.064 in multivariate analysis, showing marginally significant trend but not reaching statistical significance standard, and was excluded during variable screening process. MVI: Microvascular invasion; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.