Navigation value of intraoperative ultrasound combined with indocyanine green fluorescence in complex hepatocellular carcinoma resection

Table 8 Cox multivariate regression analysis of factors influencing overall survival

Factor	β	SE	Wald χ2	HR	95%CI	P value
Combined navigation technology	-0.538	0.245	4.821	0.584	0.362-0.942	0.028
R0 resection	-0.886	0.261	11.523	0.412	0.248-0.684	< 0.001
Tumor diameter ≥ 8 cm	0.629	0.243	6.698	1.876	1.165-3.022	0.01
MVI M2 grade	0.804	0.268	8.989	2.234	1.324-3.769	0.003
AFP > 400 ng/mL	0.529	0.242	4.781	1.698	1.056-2.731	0.029

Backward elimination method was used to screen variables, with P < 0.05 as variable retention standard. Variables included in initial model were age, gender, Child-Pugh grade, degree of cirrhosis, tumor diameter (≥ 8 cm vs < 8 cm), tumor number, central tumor, vascular involvement, alpha-fetoprotein level (> 400 ng/mL vs ≤ 400 ng/mL), differentiation degree, microvascular invasion grade, R0 resection, margin distance, anatomical resection, application of combined navigation technology, and other variables with P < 0.10 in univariate analysis. Moderate to severe cirrhosis had P < 0.10 in univariate analysis, but P = 0.083 in multivariate analysis, not reaching significance standard, and was excluded during variable screening process. MVI: Microvascular invasion; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.