Navigation value of intraoperative ultrasound combined with indocyanine green fluorescence in complex hepatocellular carcinoma resection

Table 2 Comparison of intraoperative indicators between two groups, mean ± SD/n (%)/median (interquartile rage)

Indicator	Combined navigation group (n = 103)	Conventional surgery group (n = 97)	Statistic	P value
Operation time (minutes)	298.5 ± 68.3	276.2 ± 71.6	t = 2.255	0.012
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	420 (280-680)	550 (350-850)	Z = 2.891	0.004
Intraoperative transfusion	28 (27.2)	41 (42.3)	χ2 = 5.343	0.021
Red blood cell units (U)1	4 (2-6)	4 (2-8)	Z = 1.234	0.217
Plasma volume (mL)1	200 (100-400)	300 (150-450)	Z = 1.156	0.248
Hepatic hilar blocking time (minutes)	48 (28-72)	54 (32-78)	Z = 1.421	0.156
Tumor localization time (minutes)	12.6 ± 4.3	18.9 ± 6.7	t = 7.831	< 0.001
Intraoperative detection of occult lesions2	24 (23.3)	6 (6.2)	χ2 = 12.358	< 0.001
Number of lesions detected3	1 (1-2)	1 (1-1.5)	Z = 1.156	0.248
Surgical procedure adjustment	31 (30.1)	14 (14.4)	χ2 = 7.296	0.007
Surgical procedure			χ2 = 7.891/Fisher	0.048
Hemi-hepatectomy	42 (40.8)	35 (36.1)
Extended hemi-hepatectomy	18 (17.5)	22 (22.7)
Segmentectomy	38 (36.9)	28 (28.9)
Local resection	5 (4.9)	12 (12.4)
Anatomical resection	98 (95.1)	85 (87.6)	χ2 = 4.218	0.04

¹Only transfused patients counted.

²Occult lesions refer to lesions not shown on preoperative imaging detected immediately intraoperatively through ultrasound or fluorescence imaging (diameter ≥ 5 mm), not including small lesions found on postoperative pathology (diameter < 5 mm).

³Only patients with detected occult lesions counted.