T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms via mitogen-activated protein kinase axis activation

Figure 5 Proposed model of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Schematic representation of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase enhancing tumorigenesis and metastasis in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms via mitogen-activated protein kinase and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling pathway activation. HI-TOPK-032 inhibits this pathway, reducing pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TOPK: T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; RSK: Ribosomal S6 kinase; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.