Impact of chronic proliferative cholangitis on stone recurrence and biliary strictures after intrahepatic stone treatment: A meta-analysis

Figure 3 Forest plots of pooled single-arm outcomes after treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones. Each forest plot shows the study-specific event rate and the pooled estimate using a random-effects model. Study weights are indicated by square size, and horizontal lines show 95% confidence intervals; the diamond shows the pooled estimate and its 95% confidence interval. The X-axis represents the event rate (proportion). Because these are single-arm meta-analyses, there is no true control group. In these plots, the “control” column shown by Review Manager is not used and should be interpreted as a placeholder required by the software; only the treated study cohort contributes data. A: Stone recurrence: Events are patients with imaging-confirmed recurrent stones during follow-up; B: Stone clearance: Events are patients with complete stone clearance (stone-free status) after the index procedure; C: Adverse events: Events are patients with procedure-related complications as reported in each study. CI: Confidence interval.