Impact of chronic proliferative cholangitis on stone recurrence and biliary strictures after intrahepatic stone treatment: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study populations

Ref.	Age (mean)	Sex distribution	Key comorbidities	Intervention/exposure	Comparator/control
Jin et al[12], 2016	NR	NR	Primary hepatolithiasis	LLH	OLH
Tsutsumi et al[13], 2017	NR	NR	Prior HJ; bilioenteric anastomotic stricture common	PTCS	sDBE
Ishihara et al[14], 2021	NR	NR	Prior HJ; stone burden and strictures modeled	Balloon-assisted endoscopy	None (single-arm outcomes)
Torres et al[15], 2021	46.1	Male 40.9%	Cholangitis 51.9%; atrophy 24.4%; biliary stenosis 14.1%	Hepatectomy (various)	None (single-arm outcomes)
Yan et al[16], 2024	NR (MELD reported)	NR	Decompensated cirrhosis; transplant-level MELD at baseline	PTCS (one- or two-step)	None (single-arm outcomes)
Hakuta et al[17], 2024	NR	NR	Prior HJS; malignant or congenital indications	BE-ERCP	None (single-arm outcomes)

Sex = male proportion reported if available. NR: Not reported; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; HJ: Hepaticojejunostomy; HJS: Hepaticojejunostomy stricture; LLH: Laparoscopic left hepatectomy; PTCS: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy; BE: Balloon-enteroscopy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; OLH: Open left hepatectomy; sDBE: Short double-balloon enteroscopy.