Impact of chronic proliferative cholangitis on stone recurrence and biliary strictures after intrahepatic stone treatment: A meta-analysis

Table 1 General characteristics of included observational studies (six cohorts, hepatolithiasis management and outcomes

Ref.	Country	Journal	Study design	Sample size	Follow-up duration	CPC/proxy reported?
Jin et al[12], 2016	China	Surgery	Retrospective cohort (LLH vs OLH)	201	NR (comparative outcomes reported)	No - not reported
Tsutsumi et al[13], 2017	Japan	Ther Adv Gastroenterol	Retrospective cohort (PTCS vs sDBE after HJ)	40	Median 7.2 years (PTCS)/3.1 years (sDBE)	Yes - post-HJ stricture/CPC-proxy
Ishihara et al[14], 2021	Japan	Surg Endosc	Retrospective cohort (balloon-assisted endoscopy after HJ)	90	Median 30.5 months (IQR 14.7-55.5)	Yes - recurrent cholangitis and anastomotic narrowing
Torres et al[15], 2021	Brazil (6 centers)	Asian J Surg	Multicenter retrospective cohort (hepatectomy)	127	NR (recurrence assessed)	No - no CPC label; surgical clearance focus
Yan et al[16], 2024	China	J Evid Based Med	Retrospective cohort (PTCS in decompensated cirrhosis)	21	Median 18 months (up to 40)	Yes - recurrent cholangitis (post-procedure)
Hakuta et al[17], 2024	Japan	Surg Endosc	Retrospective cohort (BE-ERCP after HJS)	131	1-year, 3-year, and 5-year recurrence estimates reported	Yes - HJS anatomy with CPC-related stricture

LLH: Laparoscopic left hepatectomy; OLH: Open left hepatectomy; HJ: Hepaticojejunostomy; PTCS: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy; HJS: Hepaticojejunostomy stricture; BE: Balloon-enteroscopy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; NR: Not reported; sDBE: Short double-balloon enteroscopy; IQR: Interquartile range; CPC: Chronic proliferative cholangitis.