Risk factors and nomogram prediction of postoperative incisional hernia following liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors for incisional hernia after liver transplantation

Characteristics	Total (n)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value
Gender	487
Male	376	Reference
Female	111	1.225 (0.736-2.037)	0.435
Age	487	1.191 (1.148-1.235)	< 0.001	1.131 (1.075-1.191)	< 0.001
Smoking	487
No	328	Reference
Yes	159	1.147 (0.711-1.852)	0.574
Hepatitis	487
No	468	Reference		Reference
Yes	19	15.240 (8.958-25.926)	< 0.001	2.225 (1.058-4.682)	0.035
COPD	487
No	480	Reference		Reference
Yes	7	5.032 (2.291-11.054)	< 0.001	0.266 (0.089-0.792)	0.017
Ascites	487
No	472	Reference		Reference
Yes	15	6.538 (3.242-13.185)	< 0.001	5.687 (1.925-16.802)	0.002
Other1	487
No	446	Reference
Yes	41	1.396 (0.691-2.818)	0.353
Abdominal surgeries history2	487
No	484	Reference		Reference
Yes	3	25.832 (7.797-85.579)	< 0.001	2.182 (0.338-14.068)	0.412
Cancer3	487
No	359	Reference		Reference
Yes	128	2.810 (1.779-4.437)	< 0.001	1.116 (0.651-1.916)	0.689
Red blood cell counts, 1 × 1012/L	487	0.503 (0.373-0.678)	< 0.001	0.829 (0.592-1.163)	0.277
White blood cell counts, 1 × 109/L	487	0.887 (0.803-0.981)	0.020	0.902 (0.796-1.023)	0.108
PLT (125-350), 1 × 109/L	487	0.999 (0.996-1.002)	0.425
ALB, g/L	487	0.895 (0.864-0.927)	< 0.001	0.933 (0.886-0.982)	0.008
Total bilirubin, μmol/L	487	1.002 (1.000-1.004)	0.031	1.000 (0.997-1.002)	0.775
ALT, U/L	487	1.005 (1.003-1.007)	< 0.001	1.013 (1.004-1.021)	0.003
AST, U/L	487	1.002 (1.001-1.003)	< 0.001	0.996 (0.993-0.999)	0.023
PT (8.8-13.8), seconds	486	0.803 (0.750-0.861)	< 0.001	0.903 (0.816-0.999)	0.047
INR (0.8-1.2)	487	2.915 (1.616-5.257)	< 0.001	2.042 (0.735-5.674)	0.171

¹The presence of other comorbidities.

²A history of prior abdominal operations.

³Liver transplantation performed for malignancy.

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PT: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio; CI: Confidence interval.