Risk factors and nomogram prediction of postoperative incisional hernia following liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Characteristics	No incisional hernia	Developed incisional hernia	P value
n	435	76
Gender			0.287
Male	339 (66.3)	55 (10.8)
Female	96 (18.8)	21 (4.1)
Age	51 (44, 57)	66 (64, 67)	< 0.001
Smoking			0.379
No	297 (58.1)	48 (9.4)
Yes	138 (27)	28 (5.5)
Hepatitis			< 0.001
No	435 (85.1)	56 (11)
Yes	0 (0)	20 (3.9)
COPD			< 0.001
No	435 (85.1)	69 (13.5)
Yes	0 (0)	7 (1.4)
Ascites			< 0.001
No	429 (84)	67 (13.1)
Yes	6 (1.2)	9 (1.8)
Other1			0.106
No	402 (78.7)	66 (12.9)
Yes	33 (6.5)	10 (2)
Abdominal surgeries history2			< 0.001
No	435 (85.1)	73 (14.3)
Yes	0 (0)	3 (0.6)
Cancer3			< 0.001
No	339 (66.3)	37 (7.2)
Yes	96 (18.8)	39 (7.6)
Red blood cell counts, 1 × 1012/L	4.42 (3.925, 4.875)	4.15 (3.4075, 4.5875)	< 0.001
White blood cell counts, 1 × 109/L	5.81 (4.31, 7.76)	5.095 (3.7025, 6.545)	0.013
PLT (125-350), 1 × 109/L	172 (120, 238.5)	181 (103.75, 234.25)	0.539
ALB, g/L	41.8 (37.7, 44.7)	35.3 (32.275, 40.375)	< 0.001
Total bilirubin, μmol/L	20 (14, 32)	25.5 (14, 50)	0.021
ALT, U/L	19.7 (14.2, 30.95)	34.9 (22.45, 53.725)	< 0.001
AST, U/L	23.7 (17.8, 33.55)	44.8 (26.175, 71.5)	< 0.001
PT (8.8-13.8), seconds	15.3 (14.2, 16.5)	12.9 (11.875, 15.05)	< 0.001
INR (0.8-1.2)	1.05 (1, 1.16)	1.16 (1.0675, 1.3425)	< 0.001

¹The presence of other comorbidities.

²A history of prior abdominal operations.

³Liver transplantation performed for malignancy.

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PT: Prothrombin time; INR: International normalized ratio.